Are Sex Dolls Legal? 2026 Laws by Country

TL;DR: Are sex dolls legal?

• Adult-presenting dolls: in several major markets reviewed—including the United States, Canada, Germany, France, and the Netherlands—we found no law that makes private possession of every adult-presenting doll automatically illegal. That is not worldwide permission: import, sale, advertising, customs, product-safety, and state or local rules may produce a different answer.
• Child-appearing products: these create the highest criminal and seizure risk. Germany and the Netherlands have express offences, several US states prohibit defined child sex dolls, and important judicial or enforcement precedents exist in Canada, Germany, Norway, France, and South Korea.
• There is no universal age or height rule: a manufacturer’s “18+” label, fictional biography, or height above 140 cm is not a legal safe harbour. Authorities may assess the complete appearance, proportions, features, name, accessories, marketing, and intended function.
• Import and possession are different questions: a product may be lawful to possess but prohibited at the border, or its sale, display, or advertising may be restricted even where private possession is not.
• Shipping availability is not legal approval: we screen destinations and may refuse or cancel an order when we identify a prohibition or cannot reach a sufficiently reliable conclusion. Acceptance of an order does not guarantee customs clearance.

Why “legal” is not one question

A statement such as “sex dolls are legal in Country X” is usually too broad. At least five different questions need separate answers:

1. Private possession: may an adult keep the particular item at home?
2. Import and transit: may it cross the border or pass through an intermediate country?
3. Sale and supply: may it be manufactured, offered, sold, rented, delivered, or otherwise distributed?
4. Advertising and display: may the listing, images, wording, and public display be shown to adults or minors?
5. Product compliance: does the product meet separate safety, labelling, electrical, chemical, data-protection, consumer, and marketplace rules?

A country may allow private possession but prohibit import, or prohibit sale without creating an offence of simple possession. A customs clearance decision also does not necessarily answer whether later possession, resale, display, or use is lawful.

Terms used in this guide

• Adult-presenting product: a product whose overall appearance, features, description, and marketing represent an adult. This is a descriptive term, not a universal legal category.
• Child-appearing product: a product that a regulator, customs officer, court, or reasonable observer may regard as representing a child or person below the locally relevant age. Statutory wording and thresholds differ.
• No specific ban identified: the sources reviewed did not reveal a law directed specifically at the stated product or conduct. It does not mean “guaranteed legal”; general and local laws may still apply.
• Express prohibition: legislation or binding case law expressly addresses the product or clearly includes it within a defined prohibited category.

Are sex dolls legal in the USA, Canada and Europe?

The following buyer-focused sections address the markets most frequently requested by our readers. Each answer separates adult-presenting products from child-appearing products and distinguishes private possession from import, sale, and advertising.

Are sex dolls legal in the United States?

Adult-presenting products: we identified no federal statute that prohibits a conventional adult-presenting doll merely because it is a sex doll. That does not create nationwide immunity: federal obscenity and prohibited-import rules can apply to a particular object or transaction, while state and local law may add restrictions.

Child-appearing products: there was no enacted federal doll-specific prohibition at the research cut-off, but at least twelve states—Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Wisconsin—expressly criminalised possession of products meeting their definitions. The states do not share one age test: their statutes variously refer to a minor, a person under 18, a younger child, or appearance below puberty. Rules on import, transport, transfer, and commercial conduct also differ. A Missouri amendment was scheduled to take effect on 28 August 2026, six days after this guide’s cut-off.

Buyer takeaway: “adult dolls are legal nationwide” and “childlike dolls are federally banned” are both inaccurate shortcuts. Check the destination state and locality as well as federal border law. A proposed federal CREEPER Act remained a bill, not enacted law.

Key authorities: May 2026 state-law survey; 19 U.S.C. § 1305; H.R. 1186 status.

Are sex dolls legal in Canada?

Adult-presenting products: Canada Border Services Agency guidance says sex aids and toys are not treated as obscene merely because they are sexual. A particular product may still be examined under the Customs Tariff and Criminal Code.

Child-appearing products and precedent: Criminal Code section 163.1 can apply if the complete object meets the statutory definition of child sexual abuse and exploitation material. In R v Goodenough, 2025 ONCJ 74, an Ontario trial judge held that the particular modified 50 cm child’s doll was a prohibited visual representation. The court considered the object’s size, facial and physical appearance, modification, sexual characteristics, intended function, and the accused’s knowledge. This is a fact-specific trial judgment—not a Supreme Court ruling and not a universal dimensions test.

Buyer takeaway: ordinary adult sex aids are not automatically obscene, but a product satisfying section 163.1 can engage separate offences for making, advertising, sale, distribution, import/export, and possession. A youthful feature or height alone is not the statutory test.

Key authorities: CBSA Memorandum D9-1-1; Criminal Code § 163.1; R v Goodenough.

Are sex dolls legal in the European Union?

EU-wide position: as of 22 August 2026, we identified no harmonised EU offence specifically banning adult-presenting sex dolls or creating one uniform child-doll possession offence. National criminal, obscenity, customs, and child-protection law remains decisive. EU institutions reached a provisional agreement on revised child-sexual-abuse criminal law in June 2026, but formal adoption and later national implementation were still outstanding at the cut-off. The public agreement summary does not establish a specific EU-wide doll offence.

Separate EU obligations: the Digital Services Act regulates platform systems and illegal-product handling, while the General Product Safety Regulation governs matters such as product safety, traceability, responsible economic operators, warnings, and online-offer information. These frameworks do not themselves decide that every sex doll is lawful or unlawful.

Buyer takeaway: “legal in the EU” is incomplete. Check the destination member state and the particular conduct. Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, France, Austria, Spain, Italy, Poland, and Czechia do not have identical rules.

Key authorities: Directive 2011/93/EU; June 2026 provisional agreement; recast legislative procedure; General Product Safety Regulation.

Are sex dolls legal in Germany?

Adult-presenting products: we identified no German provision banning a product merely because it is an adult-presenting sex doll. General product, consumer, advertising, public-display, and other rules still apply.

Child-appearing products and precedent: Criminal Code § 184l expressly covers physical replicas of children or child body parts intended by their nature for sexual acts; in German criminal law, “child” means a person under 14. The section prohibits specified manufacture, marketing, trade, supply, import/transit, acquisition, and possession. On 21 May 2026, the Federal Constitutional Court upheld the provision and required a restrictive, overall assessment: the appearance must be unequivocally childlike, fixed measurements are unnecessary, and ambiguous traits also found in adults are insufficient on their own. Small size alone may be insufficient where pronounced adult characteristics point the other way. The judgment supplies no 140 cm rule.

Buyer takeaway: Germany has one of the clearest express prohibitions in Europe. A product name or “18+” statement cannot replace the holistic statutory assessment.

Key authorities: German Criminal Code § 184l; Federal Constitutional Court judgment; official English summary.

Are sex dolls legal in France?

Adult-presenting products: the sources reviewed did not reveal a specific offence of privately possessing every adult-presenting sex doll. Online listing content, effective age-gating, import, sale, and public display remain separate questions.

Child-appearing products and enforcement: in November 2025, France’s consumer authority referred Shein listings for child-appearing dolls to prosecutors under rules concerning child sexual abuse representations. A March 2026 government update reported an ongoing judicial investigation concerning sale and an age-verification measure for pornographic products. It also reported that the Paris court rejected the government’s initial platform-blocking request and that an appeal was pending. That procedural result did not legalise the listings. These are serious enforcement developments, but not a final merits judgment establishing that simple private possession of every physical child-appearing doll is categorically illegal.

Buyer takeaway: child-appearing products, their online presentation, sale, and import should be treated as extremely high risk. The boundary for possession of a physical object should not be overstated without a product-specific French decision.

Key authorities: Penal Code article 227-23; DGCCRF referral; March 2026 update.

Are sex dolls legal in the Netherlands?

Adult-presenting products: we identified no provision banning a product merely because it is an adult-presenting sex doll, subject to other generally applicable law.

Child-appearing products: Criminal Code article 253a, effective 1 January 2025, applies to an object that appears to be a child under 16—or part of such a child—and is intended for sexual acts. It covers distribution, offering, public display, manufacture, import, transit, export, acquisition, and possession. Legislative materials point to the realistic overall appearance, face, size and proportions, accessories, and sexual functionality; anatomical precision is unnecessary, and an owner’s claimed subjective intention does not control the object’s intended function. No reported article 253a judgment was located.

Buyer takeaway: the Netherlands now has an express and broad statutory prohibition. The under-16 threshold concerns apparent representation; a seller’s stated age does not control.

Key authorities: current Criminal Code article 253a; commencement decree.

What about the rest of the EU and Europe?

• Denmark: § 235a expressly prohibits manufacture, sale, transfer, and possession of a child-appearing doll made for a sexual purpose. Import is not separately named but can create possession or transfer.
• Belgium: no doll-specific current offence or controlling physical-doll judgment was located. Broad existing provisions concerning visually represented material create substantial but unresolved classification risk. The explanatory memorandum to the incoming Code expressly confirms doll and robot coverage; the new Code’s effective date was postponed to 1 September 2026.
• Austria: profit-motivated commercial dealing and import can engage obscenity law, but no clear doll-specific simple private-possession offence was identified.
• Spain and Italy: child-pornography provisions principally concern images or defined visual material, while commercial obscenity law may apply to physical objects. No clear doll-specific blanket private-possession offence was located.
• Poland: the Justice Ministry stated in October 2025 that possession of sexual-satisfaction objects was generally not specifically criminalised; other pornography and child-protection rules remain relevant.
• Czechia: comparative government-commissioned research reports that broad child-pornography law is interpreted to cover childlike dolls, but no express doll-specific statute or apex judgment was located.
• Norway (outside the EU): the Supreme Court held in 2019 that Penal Code § 311 covered the particular childlike doll, including liability arising from purchase/import.

Other EU member states: this edition did not establish a doll-specific primary-law conclusion for Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, or Sweden. That is a research limitation—not a finding that import, possession, sale, or advertising is legal.

Global country-by-country best-effort source review

The detailed priority-market sections above are summarised here alongside other jurisdictions. This table is intentionally cautious. It describes legislation, guidance, and leading decisions found in our source review; it is not an exhaustive opinion on every national, state, provincial, territorial, or municipal rule.

Additional European countries reviewed

The EU countries named in the previous article should not be treated as legally interchangeable:

• Austria: the Pornography Act creates substantial risk for profit-motivated manufacture, stocking, import, transport, export, offering, transfer, public display, and distribution of obscene objects. No clear doll-specific offence of simple private possession was identified.
• Spain: Criminal Code article 189 prohibits defined child pornography, including specified realistic images and visual representations, but does not expressly classify a three-dimensional physical doll. No controlling doll-specific decision was located.
• Italy: child-pornography provisions principally address material involving actual minors and specified realistic virtual images. Criminal Code article 528 separately regulates obscene objects made, imported, acquired, or held for trade or distribution, and public display. A clear doll-specific blanket offence covering private possession was not located.
• Poland: in an October 2025 response reported by the Children’s Rights Ombudsman, the Ministry of Justice said that possession of objects intended for sexual satisfaction was generally not specifically criminalised. Pornography offences and restrictions on supplying sexual objects to children remain relevant.
• Czechia: Criminal Code section 192 is broad, and comparative legal research commissioned by the Dutch government reports that it is interpreted to include childlike dolls. No Czech apex-court doll ruling was located, so this should be described as serious interpretation-based risk rather than an express doll-specific offence.

These examples show why “adult dolls legal, childlike prohibited across Europe” is too imprecise. The correct category may be an express product offence, controlling case law, broader-law/high-risk interpretation, commercial obscenity restriction, or no specific prohibition verified.

How do authorities decide whether a doll appears underage?

A manufactured doll has no legally authoritative “official age.” A brand can assign a name, age, or fictional biography, but authorities and courts are not required to accept it. The sources reviewed do not establish a universal 140 cm safe or prohibited threshold. Height alone is a poor legal proxy: adults may be short, while a taller product may still appear underage.

Age thresholds and legal tests differ. Examples in this guide include apparent age below 16 in Singapore and the Netherlands, under or apparently under 18 in Australia, under 14 in Germany, and a child-appearance test in Denmark. UK prosecutors apply a product-specific obscenity analysis rather than a universal age-and-height formula.

Depending on the law, an authority may consider the product as a whole, including:

• facial appearance, proportions, anatomy, and signs of physical maturity;
• product dimensions—without treating one measurement as decisive;
• clothing, accessories, model name, category, and packaging;
• listing text, keywords, images, customer instructions, and other marketing;
• design function and intended use; and
• the legal definition and evidence rules in the destination.

What existing precedents show

• Germany: the May 2026 Constitutional Court judgment requires an overall assessment of appearance and intended function. Small size alone does not establish child appearance, and prominent adult characteristics may be decisive in the other direction.
• Canada: R v Goodenough applied section 163.1 to one modified doll after considering its complete physical appearance, sexual characteristics, intended function, and the accused’s knowledge. It did not create a universal size test.
• Australia: the federal statute asks whether the object resembles a person who is or appears under 18 and whether a reasonable person would consider it likely intended to simulate sexual intercourse.
• Netherlands: article 253a uses appearance as a child under 16 together with the object’s intended sexual function.
• United Kingdom: CPS guidance applies a product-specific obscenity assessment and expressly avoids a universal height rule.
• Norway: the Supreme Court held in 2019 that the particular childlike doll was a prohibited representation under § 311.

These authorities illustrate different legal tests; none creates a worldwide definition or safe harbour. A seller’s “18+” label, fictional biography, or disclaimer cannot override a regulator’s or court’s assessment, and a precedent from one country does not determine classification in another.

Additional markets: legal rule versus unresolved classification

The earlier article assigned broad labels such as “mostly illegal,” “high risk,” or “adult dolls legal” to entire regions. That is not a reliable legal method. Culture, religion, shipping experience, marketplace availability, or an isolated customs outcome is not a substitute for current legislation and local advice.

The sources support the narrower findings below. Where a statute prohibits “obscene,” “immoral,” or “indecent” objects but no authority has published a sex-doll classification, the correct conclusion is classification unresolved—not automatically legal and not a proven blanket ban.

Mexico and East Asia

• Mexico: no federal provision specifically prohibiting adult-shaped sex dolls was identified. Mexico’s 2026 Nice Classification expressly lists erotic or sex dolls as a product category, but trademark classification is not customs approval. Postal channels exclude obscene or immoral objects, and ordinary customs, safety, consumer, and local rules remain relevant.
• Hong Kong: no express prohibition on an adult-shaped doll was identified. The Control of Obscene and Indecent Articles Ordinance principally regulates publication and commercial dealing. No published doll-specific classification or child-doll offence was located.
• Macao: law contemplates licensed adult-material retail, but no doll-specific import rule was identified. Postal rules prohibit obscene or immoral objects in correspondence. A three-day delivery statement cannot establish legality or guarantee release.
• Mainland China: a reliable current doll-specific legal position was not completed for this edition. Do not infer permission from manufacturing or marketplace availability.

Southeast Asia

• Thailand: Thai Customs’ published FAQ says sex toys cannot be imported as obscene goods, and current guidance lists pornographic materials as prohibited. The FAQ cites an older penalty provision, so a current-law penalty should not be quoted without Thai advice. A separate private-possession offence was not verified.
• Philippines: Customs Modernization and Tariff Act section 118(c) prohibits import of obscene or immoral objects. No official doll-specific classification was located; do not promise clearance.
• Indonesia: Law 44/2008 prohibits import and commercial circulation of defined pornography, and Customs screens pornographic objects. The definition does not specifically name dolls, so classification of a particular adult-presenting doll remains unresolved.

South Asia

• Pakistan: Customs Act 1969 section 15(b) prohibits import or export of an obscene article. Neither that section nor Penal Code section 292 names every adult sex doll or creates a clear blanket private-possession rule.
• Bangladesh: Customs Act 2023 section 17(1)(c) similarly prohibits import or export of an obscene article. No doll-specific official classification was found.
• Sri Lanka: Customs lists pornography or pornographic materials among prohibited imports. No published sex-doll-specific classification was located.
• Nepal: Penal Code section 121 addresses obscene items in commerce and import/export with intent to sell or distribute. The position for personal import was not verified.
• India: a complete current, product-specific review was not completed for this edition; do not publish a categorical status.

Middle East

• Saudi Arabia: ZATCA expressly lists sexual organs, tools, and devices among prohibited traveller imports. Sex dolls should be treated as prohibited imports unless ZATCA gives written clearance. That border rule does not, by itself, establish a blanket private-possession offence.
• United Arab Emirates: official customs guidance prohibits categories of goods contrary to Islamic teachings or public decency; Dubai Customs specifically mentions certain sculptures and mannequins. A sex doll may be classified within those categories, but no published sex-doll-specific federal ruling was located.
• Qatar: Customs prohibits immoral items “in all their forms,” while Penal Code article 292 addresses immoral or obscene things imported, held, or transported for exploitation, distribution, or display. No published classification of every adult doll was located.
• Oman: the published customs tariff prohibits goods contrary to Islamic principles or general morals. No adult-doll-specific classification was found.
• Kuwait: pornographic materials are treated as prohibited, but a primary published rule specifically classifying adult sex dolls was not verified. Import should be treated as high risk pending written Customs clearance.

Africa

• Nigeria: federal import law—not merely law in “some regions”—absolutely prohibits indecent or obscene articles. Whether a particular adult doll will be classified that way was not published; the defensible label is nationwide high import risk, not a proven private-possession ban.
• Zambia: tax-authority guidance treats pornography as prohibited, and Penal Code section 177 reaches obscene objects tending to corrupt morals, including import and possession. No reported judgment classifying every adult sex doll was found.
• Zimbabwe: legislation expressly includes figures, models, casts, and mouldings within its treatment of indecent or obscene statues, and customs law prohibits indecent or obscene goods. Import and possession of an item classified within those provisions create serious risk; no superior-court decision classifying every adult doll was located.

Checklist before ordering or importing

1. Identify every relevant place. Check the destination, any transit country, and—where applicable—the state, province, territory, or municipality.
2. Identify the conduct. Ask separately about import, private possession, sale, delivery, advertising, display, and any later resale.
3. Assess the exact product. Review the complete body, head, options, name, description, packaging, images, accessories, and intended function. Never rely only on the manufacturer’s age label.
4. Use current official sources. Check legislation, customs guidance, and recent court decisions. Save the source, access date, effective date, and an accurate translation where needed.
5. Get qualified advice where the answer is uncertain. Customer support and freight brokers can explain service scope, but they should not give legal clearance.
6. Declare the shipment truthfully. “Discreet packaging” must never mean a false description, value, tariff classification, origin, or consignee.
7. Identify the importer of record. Know who supplies the customs documents and who is responsible for any required tax and duty.
8. Check separate product rules. Depending on features and destination, safety, chemical, electrical, radio, AI, privacy, consumer, waste, and labelling requirements may apply.

Possible consequences

Depending on the law and facts, customs may inspect, delay, refuse, return, forfeit, destroy, or seize the item. Authorities may issue fines, investigate related devices or records, or bring criminal charges. Penalties can differ sharply between import, possession, and commercial supply. An incorrect declaration may create a separate offence even if the underlying product would otherwise have been permitted.

No retailer should promise that a delivery is “100% worry-free,” that “everything is covered,” or that a buyer can “order with confidence” as a statement of legal certainty. A logistics service can allocate tasks and costs; it cannot displace criminal law, customs powers, or the customer’s obligations.

How My Robot Doll handles destination risk

My Robot Doll offers shipping to many countries, but worldwide availability is not unconditional. Before accepting or dispatching an order, we screen the product, destination, and available route against our current information. We may refuse or cancel an order where we identify a prohibition or where the legal or customs position is not sufficiently clear.

This screening is a commercial risk-control process, not legal advice or an official determination. Customs authorities and courts are not bound by our assessment, and acceptance of an order does not guarantee release. We do not treat a previous successful delivery as proof that a future shipment—or a different product—is lawful.

Customer support can explain whether we currently offer a route and what information we used, but it cannot provide a legal opinion. Where current sources do not support a sufficiently reliable conclusion, we may classify the destination or product as unresolved and decline shipment rather than communicate a definitive legal answer.

How this guide is maintained

This guide is scheduled for quarterly source monitoring using multiple research tools, including AI, and earlier review when a relevant statute, judgment, customs notice, or enforcement action is identified. These tools assist discovery and comparison; they are not legal authorities. Every material change should be checked against a current source before publication, and the “last reviewed” date should change only after a substantive source review.

Frequently asked questions

Is private possession of an adult-presenting sex doll legal?

In several jurisdictions reviewed above, no specific private-possession ban was identified for an adult-presenting product. That answer is not universal and does not determine whether the product may be imported, advertised, sold, displayed, or used in a particular way. Check the exact destination and product.

Are childlike sex dolls illegal everywhere?

No single worldwide law exists. However, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Singapore, several US states, and other jurisdictions have express prohibitions or binding decisions. Canadian law has been applied to particular dolls, Belgium’s broader material provisions create unresolved classification risk, and UK authorities prosecute import and supply-related conduct under obscenity and customs law. These products should be treated as presenting severe legal and customs risk even where a clear doll-specific provision has not been located.

Does a height above 140 cm or an “18+” label make a product lawful?

No. The sources reviewed do not support a universal 140 cm rule. Authorities can assess the overall appearance, features, marketing, and function under a local statutory test. A label is evidence at most; it is not a safe harbour.

Can customs seize an adult-presenting product?

Yes. Customs may inspect and classify the actual item under obscenity, prohibited-import, documentation, tax, or product-safety rules. A detention is not necessarily a final finding of illegality, but a previous successful shipment does not guarantee the next one.

Does all-inclusive or delivered-duty-paid shipping guarantee legality?

No. Commercial delivery terms may allocate freight, brokerage, duty, or tax. They do not override criminal or customs law, prevent inspection, or guarantee release.

What should I do if my country is not listed?

Do not assume permission. Ask a locally qualified lawyer about the exact product and conduct, and seek current written guidance from the customs authority. If a reliable answer is unavailable, the prudent choice is not to import.

Sources, methodology and review record

Research cut-off and last substantive review: 22 August 2026. Primary legal sources were preferred where available, but the bibliography also includes court repositories, official guidance, legislative materials, translations, and limited comparative research. English summaries of foreign-language law are provided for accessibility and should not replace the controlling official-language text. Court decisions may be fact-specific, prosecution guidance is not legislation, and pending bills are not current law.

United States

• 18 U.S.C. § 1462 — importation or transportation of obscene matters
• 18 U.S.C. § 1466A — obscene visual representations of the sexual abuse of children
• 19 U.S.C. § 1305 — importation of obscene matter
• North Dakota Legislative Council — May 2026 survey of child sex-doll regulation
• H.R. 1186, CREEPER Act 2.0 — introduced proposal, not enacted law
• Arizona Revised Statutes § 13-1429
• Arkansas Act 987 of 2025
• Florida Statutes § 847.011
• Hawaii Revised Statutes § 712-1216.5
• Tennessee HB 1168 / Public Chapter 451 (2019)
• Kentucky Revised Statutes § 531.365
• Louisiana Revised Statutes § 14:81.6
• North Carolina General Statutes § 14-190.17A
• South Dakota Codified Laws, chapter 22-24A
• Texas Penal Code § 43.231
• Utah Code § 76-5c-209
• Wisconsin Statutes § 944.19
• Missouri Revised Statutes § 573.010 — amendment scheduled for 28 August 2026

United Kingdom

• Crown Prosecution Service — Childlike Sex Dolls prosecution guidance
• Child-like Sexual Abuse Dolls (Offences) Bill — pending private member’s bill, not law at the cut-off

Canada

• Criminal Code § 163 — obscenity
• Criminal Code § 163.1 — child pornography / child sexual abuse material offences
• Canada Border Services Agency Memorandum D9-1-1 — goods classified as obscene material
• R v Goodenough, 2025 ONCJ 74 — trial judgment

Australia and New Zealand

• Australia — Criminal Code Act 1995, Division 273A
• Australian Border Force — June 2026 enforcement notice
• New Zealand Customs — prohibited and restricted imports
• New Zealand Customs and Excise Act 2018 § 95
• New Zealand Crimes Act 1961 § 124
• New Zealand Customs — child sex doll import prosecution notice

European Union and selected European countries

• European Parliament resolution of 26 November 2025 on childlike sex dolls offered by e-commerce platforms
• European Commission — February 2026 Digital Services Act investigation
• EU General Product Safety Regulation (EU) 2023/988
• Germany — Criminal Code § 184l
• German Federal Constitutional Court — decision on § 184l, 21 May 2026
• Netherlands — Act introducing Criminal Code article 253a
• Netherlands — commencement decree, effective 1 January 2025
• Denmark — current Criminal Code § 235a
• Denmark — Director of Public Prosecutions guidance on § 235a
• Norway — current Penal Code § 311 reproduced in Government Proposition 30 L
• Supreme Court of Norway — 2019 child-doll decision
• France — DGCCRF marketplace referral, 1 November 2025
• France — Economy Ministry enforcement update, 20 March 2026
• France — Penal Code articles 227-23 and 227-24
• Belgium — Law of 21 March 2022, including Criminal Code articles 417/43–417/47
• Belgium — explanatory memorandum to the incoming Criminal Code, p. 161
• Belgium — Law of 30 March 2026 postponing the new Code to 1 September 2026
• Austria — Pornography Act, Article I § 1
• Spain — Criminal Code article 189
• Italy — Criminal Code article 600-quater
• Poland — Children’s Rights Ombudsman report of the Justice Ministry’s October 2025 response
• Czech Police — guidance on Criminal Code § 192

Asia

• South Korea — Supreme Court decision 2021Du49857 (published 2026)
• South Korea — Supreme Court decision 2021Du46421 (under-16-appearing product)
• Singapore — Penal Code § 292A
• Singapore Customs — controlled and prohibited imports
• Japan Customs — prohibited articles

Additional markets

• Mexico — Customs Law, current through 19 November 2025
• Mexico — IMPI Nice Classification 2026
• Hong Kong Customs — prohibited articles
• Hong Kong — Control of Obscene and Indecent Articles Ordinance, Cap. 390
• Macao — Decree-Law 8/87/M on adult-material retail licensing
• Thailand Customs — prohibited goods
• Thailand Customs — sex-toy import FAQ
• Philippines — Customs Modernization and Tariff Act, RA 10863 § 118(c)
• Philippines Bureau of Customs — prohibited and restricted imports
• Indonesia — Law 44/2008
• Pakistan — Federal Board of Revenue, Customs Act 1969
• Bangladesh — Customs Act 2023
• Sri Lanka Customs — online-buyer import guidance
• Nepal Law Commission — National Penal Code
• Saudi Arabia ZATCA — prohibited traveller goods, updated 8 April 2026
• United Arab Emirates — official customs guidance
• Dubai Customs — prohibited and restricted goods
• Qatar Customs — individual importing
• Qatar Penal Code article 292
• Oman Customs — published tariff
• Kuwait Customs — prohibited items
• Nigeria Customs — December 2025 CET Schedules
• Zambia — Penal Code § 177
• Zimbabwe — Censorship and Entertainments Control Act
• Zimbabwe Revenue Authority — restricted and prohibited goods

Corrections: If you believe a statement or source is outdated, contact [email protected] with the jurisdiction, official source, effective date, and the passage that should be reviewed.

Review process: This guide is scheduled for quarterly monitoring using multiple research tools, including AI, and earlier review when a relevant law, judgment, customs notice, or enforcement action is identified. The tools assist discovery and comparison; they are not legal authorities. Every material change should be checked against a current cited source, and the visible review date should change only after a substantive source review—not a copy edit.